Mass Produced Popular and Consumer Driven Are All Words That Describe This Art Movement
Art Movement: Pop Fine art
"The Pop artists did images that anybody walking down Broadway could recognize in a split up second – comics, picnic tables, men's trousers, celebrities, shower curtains, refrigerators, Coke bottles – all the great modern things that the Abstruse Expressionists tried and then difficult not to notice at all."
Andy Warhol
Popular Fine art definition: what is Pop Art?
The first definition of Pop Art was provided past British curator Lawrence Alloway, who invented the term 'Pop Art' in 1955 to describe a new form of art characterised by the imagery of consumerism, new media, and mass reproduction; in one give-and-take: popular civilization. Through assuming, simple, everyday imagery, and vibrant cake colours, Pop Fine art was one of the first fine art movements to narrow the divide between commercial and fine arts.
Pop Art artists took inspiration from advertising, pulp magazines, billboards, movies, television set, comic strips, and shop windows for their humorous, witty and ironic works, which both can be seen every bit a celebration and a critique of pop culture. Merely how did Pop Art emerge, who were the key players, and what were their artistic aims?
Key dates:1955-1965
Key regions: United kingdom and USA
Central words:Pop culture, mass media, consumerism
Key artists:Andy Warhol, Roy Lochtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Claes Oldenburg, Richard Hamilton, David Hockney
Origins of Pop Art
Although generally associated with the Us, Popular Art found an early on voice in Britain equally a critical and ironic reflection on the post-State of war consumer culture of the late 1950s.
In 1952 Britain, in fact, a group of artists, writers, and critics which would come to be known as 'Independent Grouping' – or but 'IG' – began to see regularly, driven by a mutual perception of a gap between the art and life of the time to discuss new theories and methods to contain in the artistic practice those aspects of visual culture that weren't traditionally function of it merely that had inevitably become elements of the everyday life, from product packaging to movie house celebrities.
The group's collective exhibition This Is Tomorrow, held at the Whitechapel Gallery in London in 1956, served as the key starting point for Popular Fine art, providing an unprecedented case of integration between art and mod life.
Parallel of Life and Art
Overseas, in those aforementioned years Pop Art emerged as a reaction against the ascendant artistic movement, Abstract Expressionism. Buckling the thought that art is the individual expression of an artist's genius, Pop Fine art allowed artists to reintroduce fragments of reality into art through images and combinations of everyday objects.
Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg were among the first artists in America to capture the power of the ordinary, kick-starting the move. The former explored the boundaries between art and the everyday globe literally incorporating commonplace objects into painted canvas surfaces; the latter represented what he defined as "things the mind already knows", a option of recurring concepts and pop imagery.
Central ideas backside Pop Art
It was English Popular Artist Richard Hamilton who, in 1957, listed the characteristics of Pop Art, "Pop Art is: Popular (designed for a mass audience), Transient (curt-term solution), Expendable (easily forgotten), Depression toll, Mass produced, Young (aimed at youth), Witty, Sexy, Gimmicky, Glamorous, Large business."
Pop Art, made of the aesthetic of the banal his signature, mirroring the times of mass-production and quick, bland amusement, while too investigating the commodification of fame. Everyday objects similar Campbell's soup cans and pop civilisation celebrities similar Marilyn Monroe were transformed into art and became icons of the movement.
The elements of multiplicity and reproduction – typical of mass-production culture – also reflected in artistic media and processes: while acrylic paints allowed artists to create bright, flat surfaces, the screen-printing technique produced boldly coloured images every bit repeated patterns subverting the idea of painting as a medium of originality.
British Popular Art v.south. American Pop Fine art
Although British Pop Art was greatly inspired past American popular civilisation, it was a rather playful and ironic exploration of what American popular imagery represented and how it manipulated people's lives and lifestyles.
To American artists, on the other hand, Popular Art meant a return to representation: hard edges, clear forms and recognisable subject thing now reigned, contrasting with the loose abstraction and symbolism of the Abstract Expressionists.
Heavily influenced past commercial art practice, these artists were taking inspiration from what they saw and experienced directly. Non surprisingly, many had started their careers in commercial art. Andy Warhol was a magazine illustrator and graphic designer, Ed Ruscha was a graphic designer, and James Rosenquist started out as a billboard painter. Their backgrounds provided them with an fantabulous visual vocabulary of mass culture besides as the technical skills to jump effortlessly betwixt high fine art and popular culture and to merge the two worlds.
Famous Pop Art artists
Leading British Pop Art artists included Sir Peter Blake (b. 1932), Patrick Caulfield (1936-2006), Richard Hamilton (b. 1922), David Hockney (b. 1937), and Allen Jones (b. 1937).
In American fine art, famous exponents of Pop Art included Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Jasper Johns (b. 1930), Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97) and Andy Warhol (1928-87). Other American exponents included Jim Dine (b. 1935), Robert Indiana (aka John Clark) (b. 1928), Ray Johnson (1927-95), Alex Katz (b. 1927), Claes Oldenburg (b. 1929), Ed Ruscha (b. 1937), James Rosenquist (b. 1933-2017), and Tom Wesselmann (b. 1931).
Iconic works of Popular Art
Richard Hamilton,Merely What Is It That Makes Today'due south Homes And so Different, So Appealing?, 1956
Richard Hamilton's collage presents a living room space filled with objects and ideas that, co-ordinate to Hamilton, were crowding into the post-war consciousness. Cartoon the viewer's attending is the figure of a body-architect holding a giant lollipop with the word 'Pop' scrawled on it. Not surprisingly, then, this collage is often referred to as the first example of Pop Art.
Andy Warhol,Marilyn Diptych, 1962
Warhol's fascination with popular civilisation and fame led him to produce a great number of screen-prints depicting portraits of celebrities, experimenting with variations in colours and multiplication.
His Marilyn Diptych contains l images of Marilyn Monroe, one-half of which are painted in color, the other one-half in black-and-white. The work was completed in the weeks following the extra'due south expiry.
Roy Lichtenstein,Whaam!, 1963
Roy Lichtenstein'sWhaam! is a large, ii-canvass painting equanimous similar a comic book strip of a rocket explosion in the heaven. Lichtenstein was interested in portraying highly charged situations in this particularly detached, calculated way.
Keith Haring,Radiant Baby, 1982
In 1980s New York, Keith Haring turned the subway into his studio. Using chalk, he etched his signature designs onto the walls. One of these was hisRadiant Baby, which to him was one of the purest and most positive human experiences. It became a recurring visual idiom of Haring'southward throughout the years and is at present considered the artist'due south signature tag.
Robert Indiana,LOVE, 1967
Born Robert Clark in Indiana, Robert Indiana took his native state'due south name when he moved to New York in 1954. This type of Pop-inspired fascination for the power of ordinary words was never more clear than in hisBelovedartworks. Indiana'sLoveis one of the nigh well-known images of Pop Art. It was originally conceived equally a Christmas card for The Museum of Modern Art in 1965. Since then,Dearest has taken the shape of prints, paintings, sculptures, banners, rings, tapestries, and stamps.
Reception by the critics versus the public
While many academics and critics were appalled past the pop artists' utilise of mundane subject matter and by their apparently indiscriminate employment of information technology, Pop Art's more figurative and down-to-globe imagery appealed to the general public and would soon become one of the most pop styles of fine art also equally one of the start manifestations of postmodernism.
Collecting Pop Fine art
Popular Art succeeded in getting through to the full general public in a way that few mod art movements did – or accept done since – and art collectors similar information technology, too. For case, the painting "False Starting time" (1959) By Jasper Johns sold in 2006, for $lxxx one thousand thousand: the 9th well-nigh expensive work of art in history at that time. The work "Green Auto Crash" (1963) (synthetic polymer, silkscreen ink and acrylic on linen) by Andy Warhol sold at Christie's, New York, in 2007, for $71.vii million, making it the 14th highest-priced work of art ever sold at that time. Corking for a work of low-brow fine art.
Relevant sources to learn more
Read more nearly Art Movements and Styles Throughout History
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Source: https://magazine.artland.com/art-movement-pop-art/
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